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Sensors refer to the electronic devices with intelligence to sense their surroundings. Sensors are not a new innovation or field but evolving technologies for sensor miniaturisation have created new use cases.
Advancements in IC technologies have made sensors small enough to be capable of changing the way we interact with technology.
MEMS is one technology enabling miniaturisation of sensors. A typical MEMS IC sensor is consists of components for sensing and actuating, in addition to the micro-electronics.
Like most other sensors, MEMS sensors react to given inputs or environmental condition to create a measurable analogue or digital output.
Thy sensors can be standalone or a composite unit associated with a computing component.
New IC technology has enabled designers and manufacturers to use sensors for consumer use-cases that were previously not viable due to the large sizes of sensors.
Some of the sensors which we find in our day to day life are temperature sensors, humidity sensors, motion sensors, light sensors, environmental sensor, etc.
In some cases, an electronic system has multiple sensors working together to achieve a single task. A combination of multiple sensor working together to achieve a task is called Sensor Fusion.
The most common example of Sensor Fusion is a smartphone, with touch and movement sensors used in unison, for example, to play certain games.